1814 ― Battle of Niagara Falls (Lundy's Lane); Americans defeat British
1943 ― Benito Mussolini dismissed as premier of Italy during WWII
1946 ― U.S. detonates underwater A-bomb at Bikini Atoll (5th atomic explosion)
1947 ― U.S. Department of the Army created
1956 ― Jordanians attack U.N. Palestine truce
1963 ― U.S., Russia & England sign nuclear test ban treaty
1965 ― Folk-rock begins, Dylan uses electric guitar at Newport Folk Festival
1966 ― Supremes release "You Can't Hurry Love"
1975 ― "A Chorus Line," longest-running Broadway show (6,137), premiers
1983 ― First nonhuman primate (baboon) conceived in a lab dish, San Antonio
1984 ― Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became 1st woman to walk in space
1990 ― U.S Ambassador tells Iraq, US won't take sides in Iraq-Kuwait dispute